Braconidae - An illustrated key to all subfamilies: Matrix "braconid": identify

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Adeliinae

Number of antennal segments: fixed in many members subfamily
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Glossa: distally rounded
Distal sclerites of maxilla: lacinia much shorter than galea
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: complete dorsally
Hypostomal carina: present
Hypostomal carina 2: linked with neck strut
Neck strut: complete (1)
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: smooth
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: open
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: absent (8)
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: small or absent
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: transverse (= horizontal)
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: less than 0.5 x 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: absent (9)
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: absent (11)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: large or medium-sized (1)
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: large
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: distinctly in epipleuron
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 5 or fewer
8th metas. sternite of male: produced medio-anteriorly
8th metas. sternite of male 2: emarginate medio-posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: lobe-like/articulated process
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: short (1)
Vas deferens insertion on ...: anterior (nearly terminal)
Vas deferens: clearly differentiated
Accessory glands (male): ovoid or sub-oval
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: thin-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: smooth (2)
Venom glands: tubular and broadly joined...
Venom glands 2: unbranched
Insertion of venom gland(s): basal or on primary duct
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: single
Dorsal ovipositor valve: without mid-longitud. division
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: deeper medial than submedial
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: distinctly concave ventrally
Egg-tube: medio-dorsally bordered...
Valvilli (if present): located ± medially or basally
Number of valvilli on each..: 2 (or rarely 3 or 4) valvilli
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: longer basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: apically bifid
Larval epistome: incomplete or absent
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: inside of host
Host: others
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: irregular (ragged-edged)

Alysiinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Glossa: distally rounded
Distal sclerites of maxilla: equal long & lacinia triangular
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: completely absent
Hypostomal carina: present
Neck strut: completely reduced
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: polymorph./ambiguous character
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: absent (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: smooth
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein M+CU1: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: absent (11)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: polymorph./ambiguous character
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: small
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: polymorph./ambiguous character
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: polymorph./ambiguous character
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: simple more or less straight
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: lobe-like/articulated process
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: very short
Basal ring of male genitalia: polymorph./ambiguous character
Vas deferens insertion on ...: posterior or medial
Vas deferens: clearly differentiated
Accessory glands (male): elongate tubular
Hagen's glands (male): opening on sclerotized part
Venom gland reservoir: thick-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: polymorph./ambiguous character
Cuticular lining venom...: polymorph./ambiguous character
Venom glands: globular or sub-globular
Venom glands 2: branched
Insertion of venom gland(s): polymorph./ambiguous character
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: polymorph./ambiguous character
Dorsal ovipositor valve: with a mid-longitudinal septum
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: less deep medial than submedial
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: straight or weak concave vent.
Egg-tube: closed medio-dorsally...
Valvilli (if present): located near to apex ovipositor
Number of valvilli on each..: 1 valvillus
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: smooth (3)
Larval mandible blade length: ± equal to basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: polymorph./ambiguous character
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: inside of host
Host: others
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: irregular (ragged-edged)
Forewing vein r-m: completely unsclerotized
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): separate or fused vent. to gut
Ovarioles: 2 pairs
Number of mature eggs: generally fewer than 100
Larval 1st thoracic spiracle: in 1st segment (posterior part)
Larval p-v tracheal commissure: present (17)
Larval vent abd tr commissures: present (18)
1st instar caudal vesicle: absent (21)
Final ectoparac. feeding phase: endoparasitic with no final ...
Number of larval instars: fewer than 5

Amicrocentrinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: completely absent
Hypostomal carina: absent
Neck strut: complete (1)
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: absent (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: carinate
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: just above hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: partly present
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: large or medium-sized
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: transverse (= horizontal)
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: present (8)
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: present (10)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: large or medium-sized (1)
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: distinctly in epipleuron
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: simple more or less straight
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: absent or very reduced
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: short (1)
Vas deferens: clearly differentiated
Accessory glands (male): ovoid or sub-oval
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: thin-walled...
Cuticular lining venom...: smooth (2)
Venom glands: tubular and broadly joined...
Dorsal ovipositor valve: without mid-longitud. division
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: deeper medial than submedial
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: straight or weak concave vent.
Egg-tube: medio-dorsally bordered...
Valvilli (if present): located near to apex ovipositor
Number of valvilli on each..: 1 valvillus
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: longer basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: incomplete or absent
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: outside of host
Host: others
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: regular (straight-edged...)
Forewing vein r-m: sclerotized with discrete bulla
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): separate or fused vent. to gut
Ovarioles: 2 pairs

Aphidiinae

Number of antennal segments: polymorph./ambiguous character
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Glossa: distally rounded
Distal sclerites of maxilla: equal long & lacinia triangular
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: complete dorsally
Hypostomal carina: present
Hypostomal carina 2: separate from neck strut
Neck strut: complete (1)
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: absent (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: smooth
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: narrow
Forewing marginal cell 2: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: absent (8)
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein M+CU1: largely unsclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: present (8)
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: present (10)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: small
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: polymorph./ambiguous character
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: distinctly in epipleuron
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: simple more or less straight
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: lobe-like/articulated process
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: short (1)
Vas deferens insertion on ...: anterior (nearly terminal)
Vas deferens: clearly differentiated
Accessory glands (male): ovoid or sub-oval
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: polymorph./ambiguous character
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: polymorph./ambiguous character
Venom glands: tubular and broadly joined...
Venom glands 2: unbranched
Insertion of venom gland(s): basal or on primary duct
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: polymorph./ambiguous character
Dorsal ovipositor valve: without mid-longitud. division
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: deeper medial than submedial
Egg-tube: medio-dorsally bordered...
Number of valvilli on each..: none
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: smooth (3)
Larval mandible blade length: ± equal to basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: incomplete or absent
Biology: endoparasitic
Host: others
Host 2: adult insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: regular (straight-edged...)
Forewing vein r-m: polymorph./ambiguous character
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): separate or fused vent. to gut
Ovarioles: 1 pair only
Number of mature eggs: generally more than 100
Larval 1st thoracic spiracle: in 1st segment (posterior part)
Larval p-v tracheal commissure: present (17)
Larval vent abd tr commissures: present (18)
1st instar caudal vesicle: absent (21)
Final ectoparac. feeding phase: endoparasitic with no final ...
Number of larval instars: fewer than 5

Apozyginae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: concave and largely glabrous
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: complete dorsally
Hypostomal carina: present
Neck strut: completely reduced
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: smooth
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: large or medium-sized
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: transverse (= horizontal)
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: present (8)
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: absent (11)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: present (13)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: small
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: in notum or near crease
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: produced medio-anteriorly
8th metas. sternite of male 2: emarginate medio-posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: absent or very reduced
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: strongly elongate
Vas deferens insertion on ...: anterior (nearly terminal)
Vas deferens: clearly differentiated
Accessory glands (male): ovoid or sub-oval
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Forewing vein r-m: completely unsclerotized
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): fused medially (dorsal to gut)

Betylobraconinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: polymorph./ambiguous character
Glossa: distally rounded
Distal sclerites of maxilla: equal long & lacinia triangular
Epistomal suture: partly reduced
Occipital carina: complete dorsally
Hypostomal carina: present
Hypostomal carina 2: separate from neck strut
Neck strut: complete (1)
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: carinate
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: longitudinal
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: absent (11)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: present (12)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: small
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: in notum or near crease
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: simple more or less straight
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: absent or very reduced
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: moderately thickened
Vas deferens insertion on ...: posterior or medial
Vas deferens: clearly differentiated
Accessory glands (male): elongate tubular
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: thick-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: spirally ridged
Venom glands: globular or sub-globular
Venom glands 2: branched
Insertion of venom gland(s): medial
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: single
Valvilli (if present): located ± medially or basally
Number of valvilli on each..: 1 valvillus
Forewing vein r-m: completely unsclerotized
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): fused medially (dorsal to gut)
Ovarioles: 2 pairs
Number of mature eggs: generally fewer than 100

Blacinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Glossa: distally rounded
Distal sclerites of maxilla: lacinia shorter than galea
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: complete dorsally
Hypostomal carina: present
Hypostomal carina 2: linked with neck strut
Neck strut: complete (1)
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: polymorph./ambiguous character
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: present (6)
Anterior subalar depression: polymorph./ambiguous character
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: absent (8)
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: small or absent
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: absent (9)
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: present (10)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: small
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: distinctly in epipleuron
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: simple more or less straight
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: lobe-like/articulated process
Cuspidal processes of male 2: articulated with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: short (1)
Vas deferens insertion on ...: anterior (nearly terminal)
Vas deferens: absent or nearly so
Accessory glands (male): ovoid or sub-oval
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: thin-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: smooth (2)
Venom glands: tubular and broadly joined...
Venom glands 2: unbranched
Insertion of venom gland(s): basal or on primary duct
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: single
Dorsal ovipositor valve: without mid-longitud. division
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: deeper medial than submedial
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: straight or weak concave vent.
Egg-tube: medio-dorsally bordered...
Valvilli (if present): located ± medially or basally
Number of valvilli on each..: 1 valvillus
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: ± equal to basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: incomplete or absent
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: outside of host
Host: polymorph./ambiguous character
Host 2: immature insects
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): separate or fused vent. to gut

Braconinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: concave and largely glabrous
Glossa: polymorph./ambiguous character
Distal sclerites of maxilla: polymorph./ambiguous character
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: completely absent
Hypostomal carina: present
Neck strut: completely reduced
Mid-longit. propleural carina: absent (1)
Propleural flange: absent (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: absent (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: polymorph./ambiguous character
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: polymorph./ambiguous character
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: longitudinal
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: present (8)
Forewing vein a: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein 2A: absent (11)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: small
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: in notum or near crease
3rd metas tergite with grooves: polymorph./ambiguous character
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: simple more or less straight
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: absent or very reduced
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: polymorph./ambiguous character
Basal ring of male genitalia: strongly elongate
Vas deferens insertion on ...: posterior or medial
Vas deferens: clearly differentiated
Accessory glands (male): elongate tubular
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: thick-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: spirally ridged
Venom glands: tubular and broadly joined...
Venom glands 2: unbranched
Insertion of venom gland(s): basal or on primary duct
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: multiple
Dorsal ovipositor valve: with a mid-longitudinal septum
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: polymorph./ambiguous character
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: polymorph./ambiguous character
Egg-tube: polymorph./ambiguous character
Valvilli (if present): located near to apex ovipositor
Number of valvilli on each..: 1 valvillus
Larval antennae: papilliform
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: ± equal to basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: complete (2)
Biology: polymorph./ambiguous character
Pupation site: outside of host
Host: polymorph./ambiguous character
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: irregular (ragged-edged)
Forewing vein r-m: sclerotized with discrete bulla
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): fused medially (dorsal to gut)
Ovarioles: 2 pairs
Number of mature eggs: generally fewer than 100
Larval 1st thoracic spiracle: in 1st segment (posterior part)
Larval p-v tracheal commissure: present (17)
Larval vent abd tr commissures: absent (20)
1st instar caudal vesicle: absent (21)
Final ectoparac. feeding phase: entirely ectoparasitic or ...
Number of larval instars: 5

Cardiochilinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Glossa: bilobed & concave medially
Distal sclerites of maxilla: lacinia shorter than galea
Epistomal suture: polymorph./ambiguous character
Occipital carina: completely absent
Hypostomal carina: absent
Neck strut: completely reduced
Mid-longit. propleural carina: polymorph./ambiguous character
Propleural flange: absent (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: absent (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: polymorph./ambiguous character
Anterior subalar depression: carinate
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: open
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: large or medium-sized
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: longitudinal
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein CU1b: absent (9)
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: present (10)
Hindwing vein r: present (11)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: polymorph./ambiguous character
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Fore tibial spur: long
Hind coxae: large
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in epipleuron
First metasomal sternite: not divided
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: finely longitudinally striate
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: distinctly in epipleuron
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 6
8th metas. sternite of male: produced medio-anteriorly
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: lobe-like/articulated process
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: short (1)
Vas deferens insertion on ...: anterior (nearly terminal)
Vas deferens: absent or nearly so
Accessory glands (male): ovoid or sub-oval
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: thin-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: smooth (2)
Venom glands: tubular and broadly joined...
Venom glands 2: unbranched
Insertion of venom gland(s): basal or on primary duct
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: single
Dorsal ovipositor valve: without mid-longitud. division
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: deeper medial than submedial
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: distinctly concave ventrally
Egg-tube: medio-dorsally bordered...
Valvilli (if present): located ± medially or basally
Number of valvilli on each..: 2 (or rarely 3 or 4) valvilli
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: smooth (3)
Larval mandible blade length: longer basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: apically bifid
Larval epistome: incomplete or absent
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: outside of host
Host: others
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: irregular (ragged-edged)
Forewing vein r-m: completely unsclerotized
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: less than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): separate or fused vent. to gut
Ovarioles: 2 pairs
Number of mature eggs: generally more than 100
Larval 1st thoracic spiracle: in 1st segment (posterior part)
Larval p-v tracheal commissure: absent (19)
Larval vent abd tr commissures: absent (20)
1st instar caudal vesicle: present (19)
Final ectoparac. feeding phase: entirely ectoparasitic or ...
Number of larval instars: fewer than 5

Cenocoeliinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Glossa: bilobed & concave medially
Distal sclerites of maxilla: lacinia much shorter than galea
Epistomal suture: partly reduced
Occipital carina: complete dorsally
Hypostomal carina: present
Hypostomal carina 2: separate from neck strut
Neck strut: complete (1)
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: present (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: carinate
Postpectal carina: present (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: far above hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: large or medium-sized
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: longitudinal through vein
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: longitudinal
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: present (8)
Forewing vein a: present (9)
Forewing vein 2A: present (10)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: polymorph./ambiguous character
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: distinctly in epipleuron
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: simple more or less straight
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: absent or very reduced
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: short (1)
Vas deferens insertion on ...: anterior (nearly terminal)
Vas deferens: absent or nearly so
Accessory glands (male): ovoid or sub-oval
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: thin-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: smooth (2)
Venom glands: tubular and broadly joined...
Venom glands 2: unbranched
Insertion of venom gland(s): medial
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: single
Dorsal ovipositor valve: without mid-longitud. division
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: deeper medial than submedial
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: straight or weak concave vent.
Egg-tube: medio-dorsally bordered...
Valvilli (if present): located ± medially or basally
Number of valvilli on each..: 1 valvillus
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: longer basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: incomplete or absent
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: outside of host
Host: larval Coleoptera
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: irregular (ragged-edged)
Forewing vein r-m: sclerotized with discrete bulla
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): separate or fused vent. to gut
Ovarioles: more than 2 pairs
Number of mature eggs: generally more than 100
Final ectoparac. feeding phase: entirely ectoparasitic or ...

Charmontinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Glossa: distally rounded
Distal sclerites of maxilla: lacinia shorter than galea
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: incomplete dorsally
Hypostomal carina: present
Hypostomal carina 2: linked with neck strut
Neck strut: completely reduced
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: carinate
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: small or absent
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: longitudinal
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: present (8)
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: present (10)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: distinct (1)
Hindwing plical cell: large or medium-sized (1)
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: absent (17)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: distinctly in epipleuron
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: simple more or less straight
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: lobe-like/articulated process
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: short (1)
Vas deferens insertion on ...: anterior (nearly terminal)
Vas deferens: clearly differentiated
Accessory glands (male): ovoid or sub-oval
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: thin-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: smooth (2)
Venom glands: tubular and broadly joined...
Venom glands 2: unbranched
Insertion of venom gland(s): medial
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: single
Dorsal ovipositor valve: without mid-longitud. division
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: deeper medial than submedial
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: straight or weak concave vent.
Egg-tube: medio-dorsally bordered...
Valvilli (if present): located near to apex ovipositor
Number of valvilli on each..: 1 valvillus
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: longer basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: incomplete or absent
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: outside of host
Host: others
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: regular (straight-edged...)
Forewing vein r-m: sclerotized with discrete bulla
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: less than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): separate or fused vent. to gut
Ovarioles: more than 2 pairs
Number of mature eggs: generally more than 100
Final ectoparac. feeding phase: entirely ectoparasitic or ...

Cheloninae

Number of antennal segments: fixed in many members subfamily
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Glossa: polymorph./ambiguous character
Distal sclerites of maxilla: polymorph./ambiguous character
Epistomal suture: polymorph./ambiguous character
Occipital carina: complete dorsally
Hypostomal carina: present
Hypostomal carina 2: polymorph./ambiguous character
Neck strut: polymorph./ambiguous character
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: carinate
Postpectal carina: present (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: present (10)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: large or medium-sized (1)
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: polymorph./ambiguous character
Hind tibial pegs: polymorph./ambiguous character
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: finely longitudinally striate
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: in notum or near crease
Meta. segments with spiracles: 5 or fewer
8th metas. sternite of male: produced medio-anteriorly
8th metas. sternite of male 2: emarginate medio-posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: lobe-like/articulated process
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: well-developed
Basal ring of male genitalia: short (1)
Vas deferens insertion on ...: anterior (nearly terminal)
Vas deferens: polymorph./ambiguous character
Accessory glands (male): ovoid or sub-oval
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...
Venom gland reservoir: thin-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: smooth (2)
Venom glands: tubular and broadly joined...
Venom glands 2: unbranched
Insertion of venom gland(s): medial
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: single
Dorsal ovipositor valve: without mid-longitud. division
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: deeper medial than submedial
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: straight or weak concave vent.
Egg-tube: medio-dorsally bordered...
Valvilli (if present): located ± medially or basally
Number of valvilli on each..: 2 (or rarely 3 or 4) valvilli
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: longer basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: incomplete or absent
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: outside of host
Host: others
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: irregular (ragged-edged)
Forewing vein r-m: completely unsclerotized
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: less than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): separate or fused vent. to gut
Ovarioles: 2 pairs
Number of mature eggs: generally more than 100
Larval 1st thoracic spiracle: in 2nd segment (anterior part)
Larval p-v tracheal commissure: absent (19)
Larval vent abd tr commissures: present (18)
1st instar caudal vesicle: present (19)
Final ectoparac. feeding phase: entirely ectoparasitic or ...
Number of larval instars: fewer than 5

Dirrhopinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Epistomal suture: partly reduced
Occipital carina: completely absent
Hypostomal carina: absent
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: carinate
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: open
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: absent (8)
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: small or absent
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: longitudinal
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: less than 0.5 x 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: absent (9)
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: present (10)
Hindwing vein r: present (11)
Hindwing vein m-cu: present (12)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: small
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Larval antennae: disc-shaped or absent
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: longer basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: incomplete or absent
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: inside of host
Host: others
Host 2: immature insects
Forewing vein r-m: completely unsclerotized
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡

Doryctinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: concave and largely glabrous
Glossa: distally rounded
Distal sclerites of maxilla: equal long & lacinia triangular
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: polymorph./ambiguous character
Hypostomal carina: present
Hypostomal carina 2: polymorph./ambiguous character
Neck strut: polymorph./ambiguous character
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: polymorph./ambiguous character
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein a: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein 2A: absent (11)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: polymorph./ambiguous character
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: small
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: polymorph./ambiguous character
First metasomal segment: polymorph./ambiguous character
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: polymorph./ambiguous character
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: polymorph./ambiguous character
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: polymorph./ambiguous character
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: polymorph./ambiguous character
Basal ring of male genitalia: strongly elongate
Vas deferens insertion on ...: polymorph./ambiguous character
Vas deferens: clearly differentiated
Accessory glands (male): elongate tubular
Hagen's glands (male): absent or if similar glands...; polymorph./ambiguous character
Venom gland reservoir: thin-walled...; thick-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: polymorph./ambiguous character; divided into two or more parts
Cuticular lining venom...: polymorph./ambiguous character
Venom glands: polymorph./ambiguous character
Venom glands 2: branched
Insertion of venom gland(s): basal or on primary duct
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: polymorph./ambiguous character
Dorsal ovipositor valve: with a mid-longitudinal septum
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: polymorph./ambiguous character
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: straight or weak concave vent.
Egg-tube: closed medio-dorsally...
Valvilli (if present): located near to apex ovipositor
Number of valvilli on each..: 1 valvillus
Larval antennae: papilliform
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: ± equal to basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: polymorph./ambiguous character
Biology: ectoparasitic
Pupation site: outside of host
Host: larval Coleoptera
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: irregular (ragged-edged)
Forewing vein r-m: completely unsclerotized
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Testes (scrotum): fused medially (dorsal to gut)
Ovarioles: 2 pairs; more than 2 pairs
Number of mature eggs: generally fewer than 100; polymorph./ambiguous character
Larval 1st thoracic spiracle: in 1st segment (posterior part)
Larval p-v tracheal commissure: present (17)
Larval vent abd tr commissures: absent (20)
Final ectoparac. feeding phase: entirely ectoparasitic or ...
Number of larval instars: 5

Ecnomiinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: flat and largely setose
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: complete dorsally
Hypostomal carina: present
Hypostomal carina 2: separate from neck strut
Neck strut: complete (1)
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: present (2)
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: present (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: carinate
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: wide
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: small or absent
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: longitudinal
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: absent (9)
Forewing vein a: absent (10)
Forewing vein 2A: absent (11)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: absent (13)
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: large or medium-sized (1)
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: distinctly in epipleuron
3rd metas tergite with grooves: absent (18)
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
Venom gland reservoir: thin-walled...
Cuticular lining venom...: smooth (2)
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Ovarioles: more than 2 pairs
Number of mature eggs: generally fewer than 100

Gnamptodontinae

Number of antennal segments: variable
Labrum: polymorph./ambiguous character
Glossa: distally rounded
Distal sclerites of maxilla: equal long & lacinia triangular
Epistomal suture: complete
Occipital carina: polymorph./ambiguous character
Hypostomal carina: present
Neck strut: completely reduced
Mid-longit. propleural carina: present (1)
Propleural flange: polymorph./ambiguous character
Pronope: absent (3)
Subpronopes: absent (4)
Prepectal carina: absent (5)
Post. depression of scutellum: absent (6)
Anterior subalar depression: smooth
Postpectal carina: absent (7)
Propodeal spiracle: circular or short-elliptical
Propodeal-metasomal junction: between hind coxae
Forewing costal cell: completely absent (1)
Forewing marginal cell: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing marginal cell 2: closed
Forewing parastigma: normal
Forewing vein 1-SR: distinct
Forewing 2nd submarginal cell: large or medium-sized
Ant.-med. f.wing flexion line: transverse through vein 2-SR+M
Forewing vein m-cu: sclerotized without bulla
Forewing vein 2-SR+M: longitudinal
Forewing vein M+CU1: sclerotized
Forewing veins 1-M & m-cu: (sub)parallel/converging post.
Forewing vein 1-M: straight or evenly curved
Forewing vein m-cu 2: more than 0.5 x length 1-M
Forewing vein CU1b: polymorph./ambiguous character
Forewing vein a: present (9)
Forewing vein 2A: absent (11)
Hindwing vein r: absent (12)
Hindwing vein m-cu: polymorph./ambiguous character
Hindwing vein 2-CU: absent (14)
Hamuli on hindwing vein R1: fewer than 7
Hindwing vein 2A: absent (15)
Hindwing plical cell: small
Fore tibial spur: short
Hind coxae: medium-sized
Hind tibial pegs: absent (16)
Dorsope 1st metasomal tergite: present (15)
First metasomal segment: not tubular basally
Spiracles 1st metas. tergite: in notum
First metasomal sternite: divided into ant. & post. parts
Lat membrane 1st metas tergite: smooth (1)
Spiracle 2nd metas. tergite: in notum or near crease
3rd metas tergite with grooves: polymorph./ambiguous character
Meta. segments with spiracles: 7
8th metas. sternite of male: simple more or less straight
8th metas. sternite of male 2: ± straight posteriorly
Cuspidal processes of male: absent or very reduced
Cuspidal processes of male 2: continuous with volsella
Parameres of male genitalia: very short
Basal ring of male genitalia: moderately thickened
Accessory glands (male): elongate tubular
Hagen's glands (male): opening on sclerotized part
Venom gland reservoir: thick-walled...
Venom gland reservoir 2: undivided
Cuticular lining venom...: spirally ridged
Venom glands: globular or sub-globular
Venom glands 2: branched
Insertion of venom gland(s): basal or on primary duct
Insertion of venom gland(s)...: single
Dorsal ovipositor valve: without mid-longitud. division
Dorsal ovipositor valve 2: deeper medial than submedial
Dorsal ovipositor valve 3: straight or weak concave vent.
Egg-tube: closed medio-dorsally...
Valvilli (if present): located near to apex ovipositor
Number of valvilli on each..: 1 valvillus
Larval antennae: papilliform
Larval mandibles: toothed
Larval mandible blade length: ± equal to basal width mandible
Larval mandibles 2: simple
Larval epistome: complete (2)
Biology: endoparasitic
Pupation site: inside of host
Host: others
Host 2: immature insects
Emergence hole from cocoon: irregular (ragged-edged)
Forewing vein r-m: completely unsclerotized
Angle 3-SR & base of SR1: greater than 135¡
Number of mature eggs: generally fewer than 100

braconid

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